doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.12.001 
Copyright © 2004 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
Neuroethics: the practical and the philosophical
Martha J. Farah
Available online 13 December 2004.
In comparison with the ethical issues surrounding molecular genetics, there has been little public awareness of the ethical implications of neuroscience. Yet recent progress in cognitive neuroscience raises a host of ethical issues of at least comparable importance. Some are of a practical nature, concerning the applications of neurotechnology and their likely implications for individuals and society. Others are more philosophical, concerning the way we think about ourselves as persons, moral agents and spiritual beings. This article reviews key examples of each type of issue, including the relevant advances in science and technology and their accompanying social and philosophical problems.
Article Outline
NEUROETHICS - EXCELLENT BOOK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
p. 3 - philosophers contending with new - brain modelled theories of morality- "naturalized" ethics - new approached may be signified as "naturalized ethics" or simply "neuroethics" (churchland - the same one who wirtes this review. interface of philosophy, jurisprudence and many sciences - neuroscience, evolutionary biology, molecular biology, political science, anthropology, psychology, ethology
focuses on one aspect motivating change in view
p. 4 decisions and decision making
talks about Aristotle 384-322 - first to articulate that the substance of morality matter of practial wisdom rather than exceptionless rules received from
practical undersatndings of social world can likewise evovle (just as theoretical knowledge (PM Churchland 89, 2000).
role of brain's reward system in social learning normally fosters respect, or even reverence, for whatever human social institutions happen to exist (therefore change in those institutions may neither be fast nor linear and may be vigorulsy resisted even by those who stand to beenfit from the change. (..) despite - changes, etc. even revolutions do occur and some can reasonably be reckoned as moral progress (Churchland 89)
that individuals are to be held responsible for their actions is a common human pracitce, and typically involves punishment in some manner when actions violate the estabilished standards. BY its very nature, punishent inflicts pain (or more generally, dis-utilities) on the punished - (complexities of deciding - advances - renewed reflections on fundamentals of responsibility and punishment - at most hbasic levels questions on reltaions betwl free choice, punishment, responsibility.
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