Volume 16 of Culture and Depression Series
Arthur Kleinman, Byron Good | |
Editors | Arthur Kleinman, Byron Good |
Edition | reprint |
Publisher | University of California Press, 1986 |
ISBN | 0520058836, 9780520058835 |
Melancholia and depression during the 19th century: a conceptual history
GE Berrios - Br J Psychiatry, 1988 - RCP
Melancholia before the 19th century The meaningof‘¿melancholia'
inclassical antiquity is opaque and has little in common with 20th-century
psychiatric usage (Drabkin, 1955; Heiberg, 1927). At that time, melancholia ...
Cited by 34 - Related articles - All 3 versions
[BOOK] Melancholia and depression: From Hippocratic times to modern times
SW Jackson, 1986 - psycnet.apa.org
... Database: PsycINFO. [Book; Authored Book]. Melancholia and depression: From hippocratic
times to modern times. Jackson, Stanley W. New Haven, CT, US: Yale ...
Cited by 206 - Related articles
Although scholars may eagerly read this "first comprehensive history of depression in English," clinicians, patients, concerned relatives, and informed laypersons will probably find it jargonistic, confusing, and of little practical use. Tracing depression as a syndrome over the past 2500 years, Yale psychiatrist/psychoanalyst Jackson finds that despite a variety of causative theories, treatments, and classifications, the symptoms have a "remarkable consistency and . . . coherence." The detailed exposition includes excerpts from medical texts and the views of luminaries like Freud, Aristotle, and Samuel Johnson. Also discussed is the relationship of hypochondria, mourning, religion, love-melancholy, and nostalgia to depression. A well-indexed and well-documented reference work suitable for research collections.Janice Arenofsky, formerly with Arizona State Lib., Phoenix
Copyright 1987 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
If your involvement in psychology is limited to reading "Psychology Today" magazine, this may not be for you. I find this text does not devote enough space in the discussion of 20th century theories of and treatments for depression and melancholia. I would prefer more space to a discussion of A. T. Beck and Martin E. P. Seligman's views of depression. Because I am a student of "attribution theory," I would have liked to see a fuller development of the work Seligman started and which was more fully developed by Lyn Abramson and associates. Modern psychiatry tends to view depression in terms as an imbalance of certain neurotransmitters in the brain and treats it with antidepressants including MAO inhibitors and the more modern selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors such as Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil, to name a few. I would also have been happier with more full discussion of psychopharmacological intervention.
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Book overview
Looking back on his confinement to Bethlem, Restoration playwright Nathaniel Lee declared: "They called me mad, and I called them mad, and damn them, they outvoted me." As Roy Porter shows in Madness: A Brief History, thinking about who qualifies as insane, what causes mental illness, and how such illness should be treated has varied wildly throughout recorded history, sometimes veering dangerously close to the arbitrariness Lee describes and often encompassing cures considerably worse than the illness itself. Drawing upon eyewitness accounts of doctors, writers, artists, and the mad themselves, Roy Porter tells the story of our changing notions of insanity and of the treatments for mental illness that have been employed from antiquity to the present day. Beginning with 5,000-year-old skulls with tiny holes bored in them (to allow demons to escape), through conceptions of madness as an acute phase in the trial of souls, as an imbalance of "the humors," as the "divine fury" of creative genius, or as the malfunctioning of brain chemistry, Porter shows the many ways madness has been perceived and misperceived in every historical period. He takes us on a fascinating round of treatments, ranging from exorcism and therapeutic terror--including immersion in a tub of eels--to the first asylums, shock therapy, the birth of psychoanalysis, and the current use of psychotropic drugs. Throughout, Madness: A Brief History offers a balanced view, showing both the humane attempts to help the insane as well as the ridiculous and often cruel misunderstanding that have bedeviled our efforts to heal the mind of its myriad afflictions. ________________________________ A generously illustrated and pocket-sized distillation of the ways madness has been perceived and treated, from ancient times to the present.Highly acclaimed medical historian Porter (Social History of Medicine/Univ. College London; The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity, 1998, etc.) traces changes in attitude toward madness all the way from prehistoric beliefs in demonic possession to the contention of some modern theorists that mental illness simply does not exist. He demonstrates how beliefs in supernatural causes were challenged by Greek medicine, which developed an explanation based on the four bodily humors (blood, phlegm, black and yellow bile), and how that approach was subsequently adopted by Western medicine. With generous use of quotations, he illustrates how in the 17th century new organic theories of insanity linking mind and body began to emerge, leading to the hope that those with mental disorders could be helped through retraining of their minds. Porter examines the drive toward institutionalization, how practical psychiatry developed from the experience of asylum managers, and how disappointment with the results of benign "moral therapy" led to the growing belief that madness was probably hereditary and incurable, which in turn led to compulsory confinement, sedation, and even sterilization. He chronicles the rise and decline of psychoanalysis, both Freudian and non-Freudian, the enormous impact of psychopharmacology, and the proliferation of psychotherapies designed to treat the astonishing number of conditions labeled as mental disorders in the American Psychiatric Association's current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. For those whose appetite will have been whetted by this literate little introduction, Porter appends a well-annotated selection of readings on aspects of his subject just touched on here.A small book that raises big questions about the profession of psychiatry and the notion of scientific progress. (28 b&w illustrations, many of them etchings and engravings from the 16th to 19th centuries) |
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